Daily inspections include visual inspection and functional testing. Visual inspection confirms the light fixture casing is intact, without damage, rust, or looseness, and is securely installed; emergency markings are clearly visible, the lampshade has good light transmission and is unobstructed; the charging indicator light is normal (green when in mains power, yellow/red for malfunctions). A simple self-check method is as follows: When power is off (plugged out or the socket switch is turned off), the emergency light should automatically enter emergency mode (illuminate itself); when power is on, press and hold the "Test" button for about 3 seconds; the emergency light should illuminate, otherwise it may be damaged.
More detailed functional tests should be performed periodically. At least once a month, disconnect the main power supply to simulate a fire power outage scenario and test whether the emergency light can automatically switch to battery power. Continuous illumination time should be no less than 30 minutes (no less than 90 minutes for high-rise buildings). The light can be manually verified by pressing the test button to check if the light source brightness is normal, without flickering or dark areas. Simultaneously, the battery voltage must be checked (normal value 12V or 6V), and the battery should be observed for any abnormalities such as leakage or bulging. Replace the battery promptly if the capacity is insufficient.
Professional system testing includes testing the fire emergency lighting fixtures and system functions. The test mechanism should be operated three times consecutively, and the indicator lights should be able to automatically complete the automatic switching. The system's emergency operating time should not be less than its nominal emergency operating time. After the normal power supply is cut off, the system's continuous operating time under battery power after emergency startup should meet the requirements. During testing, a lux meter should be used to measure the illuminance of the work surface under normal lighting conditions. Then, normal lighting should be cut off, and the minimum illuminance of the work surface under emergency lighting conditions should be measured after eliminating interfering light sources. The centralized power supply for emergency lighting should be able to switch to emergency status manually or automatically, and should have a forced emergency start button that can only be operated by qualified personnel. The emergency lighting controller should be able to switch all connected fire emergency lighting fixtures to emergency status manually or automatically, and should have a button to force all fire emergency lighting fixtures to emergency status.
Maintenance and management requirements include establishing an inspection log, recording the time, results, and handling measures for each test, and retaining records for at least 3 years for future reference. Batteries must be replaced every 3 years (or according to the manufacturer's lifespan), and lighting fixtures must be evaluated and replaced after 10 years of overall lifespan. A systematic inspection should be commissioned annually by a fire safety technical service organization, and a compliance report should be issued. Non-professionals are prohibited from disassembling lighting fixtures or replacing critical components (such as inverters and photosensitive elements). Faulty lighting fixtures must be repaired within 48 hours, and temporary alternative lighting equipment should be provided during periods of outage. The interoperability of the emergency lighting system should be tested in conjunction with fire drills to ensure coordinated response with the fire alarm system.
